Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term changes in burnout and its predictors in hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in an international study. METHODS: Two online surveys were distributed to hospital staff in seven countries (Germany, Andorra, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Romania, Iran) between May and October 2020 (T1) and between February and April 2021 (T2), using the following variables: Burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), job function, age, gender, and contact with COVID-19 patients; individual resources (self-compassion, sense of coherence, social support) and work-related resources and demands (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace, altruistic acceptance of risk). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models repeated measures, controlled for age. RESULTS: A total of 612 respondents were included (76% women). We found an increase in burnout from T1 to T2. Burnout was high among personnel with high contact with COVID-19 patients. Individual factors (self-compassion, sense of coherence) and work-related factors (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace) showed associations with burnout. Low health and safety at the workplace at T1 was associated with an increase in emotional exhaustion at T2. Men showed an increase in depersonalization if they had much contact with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: Burnout represents a potential problematic consequence of occupational contact with COVID-19 patients. Special attention should be paid to this group in organizational health management. Self-compassion, sense of coherence, support at the workplace, risk perception, and health and safety at the workplace may be important starting points for interventions. REGISTRATION: Müller, M. M. (2020, August 30). Cope-Corona: Identifying and strengthening personal resources of hospital staff to cope with the Corona pandemic. Open Science Foundation.

A systematic review and realist synthesis on toilet paper hoarding: COVID or not COVID, that is the question.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with toilet paper hoarding and to assess which risk factors are associated with the risk of toilet paper hoarding. DESIGN: A systematic review and realist review were conducted. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched (systematic review). PubMed, pre-prints and grey literature were also searched (realist review). The databases were searched from inception until October 2020. STUDY SELECTION: There were no restrictions on the study design. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: For the systematic review, toilet paper hoarding was the main outcome, and pathological use of toilet paper was the secondary outcome. For the realist review, the context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) scheme included the COVID-19 pandemic (context), four proposed mechanisms, and one outcome (toilet paper hoarding). The four potential mechanisms were (1) gastrointestinal mechanisms of COVID-19 (e.g. diarrhoea), (2) social cognitive biases, (3) stress-related factors (mental illnesses, personality traits) and (4) cultural aspects (e.g. differences between countries). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: All studies of human populations were considered (including general population studies and clinical studies of patients suffering from mental health problems). RESULTS: The systematic review identified 14 studies (eight studies for the main outcome, six studies for the secondary outcome). Three surveys identified the role of the COVID-19 threat in toilet paper hoarding in the general population. One study pointed to an association between a personality trait (conscientiousness) and toilet paper buying and stockpiling as well as an additional significant indirect effect of emotionality through the perceived threat of COVID-19 on toilet paper buying and stockpiling. Six case reports of pathological use of toilet paper were also identified, although none of them were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The realist review suggested that of all the mechanisms, social cognitive biases and a bandwagon effect were potential contributors to toilet paper hoarding in the general population. The stressful situation (COVID-19 pandemic) and some personality traits (conscientiousness) were found to be associated with toilet paper hoarding. Cultural differences were also identified, with relatively substantial effects of toilet paper hoarding in several Asian regions (Australia, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a worldwide increase in toilet paper hoarding. Social media and social cognitive biases are major contributors and might explain some differences in toilet paper hoarding between countries. Other mental health-related factors, such as the stressful situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, fear of contagion, or particular personality traits (conscientiousness), are likely to be involved. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020182308.

A pilot study: Personality, psychopathology and coping strategies of women with sexual interest and arousal disorder / Un estudio piloto: Personalidad, psicopatología y estrategias de afrontamiento en mujeres con trastorno del interés y de la excitación sexual

Sexual interest and arousal disorder (SIAD) is the most common female sexual dysfunction. This mental disorder has a strong negative impact in the women's well-being, relationships and quality of life. A comprehensive approach to the multiple psychological factors that contribute to its appearance and maintenance is needed, in order to optimize the different therapeutic options. In this study, a sample of 10 women with SIAD was compared to a control group of women without a sexual dysfunction. For that purpose, participants were asked to complete standardized questionnaires. Results showed significant differences in psychopathological symptoms, personality dimensions and copying strategies between both groups. This study provides greater empirical understanding of the linkages between SIAD and personality traits, psychopathological symptoms, and stress coping strategies. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the effectiveness of interventions and improve current clinical treatments

El trastorno del interés/excitación sexual (TIES) es la disfunción sexual femenina más frecuente. Ocurre en mujeres de todas las edades y tiene un fuerte impacto negativo en su bienestar, relaciones y calidad de vida. Dado que presenta una elevada resistencia al tratamiento, es preciso revisar las distintas opciones terapéuticas y ello requiere profundizar en la comprensión de algunos de los múltiples factores psicológicos que contribuyen a su aparición y mantenimiento.En este estudio descriptivo comparativo, una muestra de 10 mujeres con TIE se comparó con un grupo control de mujeres sanas mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionarios estandarizados. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS 17.0 Los resultados del estudio indican diferencias significativas en sintomatología psicopatológica, dimensiones de personalidad y uso de estrategias de afrontamiento de estrés

Body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology: Which factors interfere with sexuality in women with eating disorders?

Body dissatisfaction is a relevant aspect in both eating disorders and sexuality. Using Stice's model, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these variables in eating disorder patients compared with healthy controls. Statistically significant correlations between body dissatisfaction and sexuality were found in the whole sample. The clinical group had higher rates of body dissatisfaction and sexual impairment. Within the clinical group, the participants with a greater drive for thinness showed higher sexual dysfunctions. These results suggest that sexuality should be systematically explored in eating disorders. Higher rates of drive for thinness may be associated with greater sexual impairment.

El proyecto multinacional europeo y multicéntrico español de mejora de calidad asistencial en psiquiatría de enlace en el hospital general: el perfil clínico en España / Multinational European project and multicenter Spanish study of quality improvement of assistance on consultation-liaison psychiatry in general hospital: clinical profile in Spain

FUNDAMENTO: En el contexto de una investigación multinacional europea sobre gestión de calidad en psiquiatría de enlace (financiada por el programa BIOMED 1 de la Unión Europea), se analiza la naturaleza de la actividad asistencial de las unidades de psicosomática y psiquiatría de enlace (UPPE) de los seis hospitales generales españoles que participaron en el estudio. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 3.608 pacientes, atendidos consecutivamente por las unidades de psiquiatría de enlace de cinco hospitales generales de la red pública (Clínico de Zaragoza, Clínico de Barcelona, General de Alicante, Ramón y Cajal de Madrid y Princesa de Madrid) y un centro privado monográfico (Instituto Dexeus de Barcelona), a partir de los datos recogidos con un instrumento de registro (CL-BDok-P) estandarizado y validado en investigaciones previas. RESULTADOS: La petición de consulta psiquiátrica se hizo a los 10,6 días (como promedio) del ingreso del paciente, la mitad de las peticiones fueron urgentes y el promedio de tiempo de respuesta de la psiquiatría de enlace fue de 1,9 días. Los principales motivos de petición de consulta fueron la existencia de síntomas psiquiátricos (50,3 por ciento), los síntomas somáticos sin explicación médica (15,2 por ciento), el abuso de sustancias (9,2 por ciento), la existencia de antecedentes psiquiátricos (8,5 por ciento), el riesgo de sucidio (6 por ciento) y el afrontamiento de la enfermedad (5,8 por ciento). Los servicios que hicieron más demandas fueron los de medicina interna (17,2 por ciento), traumatología (7,5 por ciento) y cirugía general (7,3 por ciento). Se documenta una importante actividad asistencial en pacientes a menudo 'complejos', con medidas diagnósticas e intervenciones de amplio espectro y seguimientos intrahospitalarios y al alta del paciente. Por el contrario, se ponen de manifiesto algunos problemas en el 'proceso' de intervención. CONCLUSIONES: De los resultados se infiere la indudable importancia de la psiquiatría de enlace española en el contexto de la asistencia especializada, pero también la posibilidad de mejorar su eficiencia con la propuesta de modelos integradores, de modificaciones organizativas y de la implementación de un moderno modelo de 'gestión de calidad' (AU)